Mayamalavagoulai Ragam

Mayamalavagoulai Ragam

Mayamalavagowla or Mayamalavagoulai is a raga of Carnatic music. It is classified as 15th melakarta raga under Venkatamakhin's melakarta system. Originally known as malavagowla, 'maya' was prefixed to it after the advent of the scheme of the 72 melas. The number 15 was assigned to it following the Katapayadi sankhya system. This is a morning raga.

Credits:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

Mayamalavagowla scale with shadjam at C

Venkatamakhin defines its lakshana thus:

'purno malavagoulakhyah sa graho glyate sada'

Mayamalavagowla is the 3rd raga in the 3rd chakra, Agni. Its mnemonic name is Agni-Go. Its mnemonic phrase is sa ra gu ma pa dha nu. Its arohana-avarohana structure is as follows :

Arohana : S R1 G3 M1 P D1 N3 S'

Avarohana : S' N3 D1 P M1 G3 R1 S

The notes in this raga are shadjam, shuddha rishabham, antara gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, panchamam, shuddha dhaivatam and kakali nishadam. As it is a melakarta ragam, by definition it is a sampurna ragam. It is the shuddha madhyamam equivalent of Kamavardhini, which is the 51st in the melakarta scale.

The gamakas in the raga are unique in that conversely to the G-M relationship in Sankarabharanam, G is sung in oscillation (M,G M,G M,G) while M is held constant. There is no bold M-P gamaka as in Sankarabharanam as well. R and D are also usually sung in oscillation with S and P respectively, making the only constant notes S, M, and P. Of course, these rules are occasionally broken for effect.

Nature of raga

This auspicious raga evokes santa (peace) rasa and pathos. It creates a soothing effect, suitable to sing at all times, particularly, the first pratan-sandhya-kalan (dawn). It is commonly used for beginners' lessons such as Sarali Varisais or Sarala Svaras (Kannada), etc. Since it eschews vivadi swaras (relatively discordant notes), has a uniform distance between svara sthanas (relative position of notes) and has symmetry, they are easier to learn. It is an ancient ragam.

It is a Sampurna raga. Also, it is a sarva svara gamaka varika rakti raga. It has a large number of janya ragas assigned to it. This ragam corresponds to Bhairav in Hindustani music. It is called as a 'rakti' raga because of its high melodic content.

It is also defined as a murcana karaka mela since it can be used for Graha bhedam on madhyamam and rishabham to result in Simhendramadhyamam and Rasikapriya respectively. Graha bhedam is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the Shruti (or drone) to another note in the ragam.

Janya ragams

Mayamalavagowla has quite a few janya ragams associated with it, of which Bowli, Jaganmohini, Gowla, Gowlipantu, Janaranjini, Lalita, Nadanamakriya, Revagupti, Saveri and Malahari are quite well known.

1 Mayamaaavagounai

S R1 G3 M1 P D1 N3 S'

S' N3 D1 P M1 G3 R1 S

2 Ardhradesi

S R1 G3 M1 P D1 N3 S'

S' D1 P M1 G3 R1 S

3 Bhavini

S G3 M1 P D1 N3 S'

S' N3 D1 P M1 G3 S

4 Bibhas

S R1 G3 P D1 S'

S' D1 P M1 R1 S

5 Bowli

S R1 G3 P D1 S'

S' N3 D1 P G3 R1 S

6 Bowli Ramakriya

S R1 G3 P D1 S'

S' N3 P D1 P M1 G3 R1 S

7 Charuvardhani

S R1 M1 P D1 N3 S'

S' D1 P M1 G3 R1 S

8 Chayagowla

S R1 M1 G3 M1 P N3 S'

S' N3 D1 P M1 G3 R1 S

9 Chandrachooda

S M1 G3 M1 P D1 S'

S' N3 D1 P M1 G3 S

10 Deshyagowla

S R1 P D1 N3 S'

S' N3 D1 P R1 S

11 Devaranji

S M1 P D1 P N3 S'

S' N3 D1 P M1 S

12 Ekakshari

S R1 G3 M1 P D1 N3 S'

S' N1 P M1 R1 G3 M1 R1 S

13 Ghanasindhu

S M1 G3 M1 P D1 N3 D1 S'

S' N3 D1 P M1 G3 R1 S

14 Gowla

S R1 M1 P N3 S'

S' N3 P M1 R1 G3 M1 R1 S

15 Gowlipantu

S R1 M1 P N3 S'

S' N3 D1 P M1 D1 M1 G3 R1 S

16 Gowri

S R1 M1 P N3 S'

S' N3 D1 P M1 G3 R1 S

17 Gummakambhoji

S R1 G3 P D1 N3 S'

S' N3 D1 P M1 G3 R1 S

18 Gundakriya

S R1 M1 P N3 S'

S' N3 P D1 P M1 G3 R1 S

19 Gurjari

S R1 G3 M1 P D1 N3 S'

S' D1 N3 P M1 G3 R1 S

20 Jaganmohini

S G3 M1 P N3 S'

S' N3 P M1 G3 R1 S

21 Kalyanakesari

S R1 G3 P D1 S'

S' D1 P G3 R1 S

22 Kannadabangala

S R1 M1 G3 M1 D1 P D1 S'

S' D1 P M1 G3 R1 S

23 Karnataka Saranga

S R1 G3 M1 P D1 N3 S'

S' N3 D1 P M1 R1 S

24 Lalita

S R1 G3 M1 D1 N3 S'

S' N3 D1 M1 G3 R1 S

25 Lalitapanchamam

S R1 G3 M1 D1 N3 S'

S' N3 D1 M1 P M1 G3 R1 S

26 Malavakurinji

S G3 P D1 N3 S'

S' N3 D1 M1 R1 S

27 Malavapanchamam

S R1 G3 M1 P N3 S'

S' N3 D1 P M1 G3 R1 S

28 Margadesi

S R1 G3 R1 G3 D1 M1 P D1 S'

S' D1 P M1 G3 R1 S

29 Malahari

S R1 M1 P D1 S'

S' D1 P M1 G3 R1 S

30 Mallikavasantam

S G3 M1 P N3 S'

S' N3 D1 P M1 G3 R1 S

31 Mangalakaishiki

S R1 M1 G3 D1 P S'

S' N3 D1 P M1 G3 R1 S

32 Manolayam

S R1 M1 P D1 S'

S' N3 D1 P M1 R1 S

33 Maruva

S G3 M1 D1 N3 S'

S' N3 D1 P G3 M1 G3 R1 S R1 G3 R1 S

34 Mechabowli

S R1 G3 P D1 S'

S' N3 D1 P M1 G3 R1 S

35 Megharanjani

S R1 G3 M1 N3 S'

S' N3 M1 G3 R1 S

36 Nadanamakriya

S R1 G3 M1 P D1 N3

N3 D1 P M1 G3 R1 S N3

37 Padi

S R1 M1 P N3 S'

S' N3 P D1 P M1 R1 S

38 Pharaju (Paras)

S G3 M1 P D1 N3 S'

S' N3 D1 P M1 G3 R1 S

39 Poornalalita

S R1 G3 M1 P D1 S'

S' D1 P M1 G3 R1 S

40 Poorvi

S R1 G3 M1 D1 N3 S'

S' N3 D1 P M1 G3 R1 S

41 Poorvikavasanta

S M1 G3 M1 D N3 S'

S' N3 D1 M1 P M1 G3 R1 S

42 Pratapadhanyasi

S G3 M1 P N3 S'

S' N3 D1 P M1 G3 R1 S

43 Prataparanjani

S R1 M1 P D1 N3 S'

S' N3 D1 P M1 G3 R1 S

44 Puranirmai

S R1 G3 P D1 S'

S' N3 D1 P G3 R1 S

45 Ramakali

S R1 G3 P D1 S'

S' N3 D1 P M1 G3 R1 S

46 Ramakriya

S G3 M1 P D1 N3 S'

S' N3 P D1 P M1 G3 R1 S

47 Revagupti

S R1 G3 P D1 S'

S' D1 P G3 R1 S

48 Rukhmambari

S R1 G3 P N3 S'

S' N3 P G3 R1 S

49 Samantadeepara

S R1 G3 M1 P N3 S'

S' N3 P M1 G3 R1 S

50 Saranga Nata

S R1 M1 P D1 S'

S' N3 S D1 P M1 G3 R1 S

51 Saveri

S R1 M1 P D1 S'

S' N3 D1 P M1 G3 R1 S

52 Salanganata

S R1 M1 P D1 S'

S' D1 P G3 R1 S

53 Satyavati

S G3 R1 G3 P D1 S'

S' N3 D1 N3 P D1 P G3 R1 S

54 Sindhu Ramakriya

S G3 M1 P D1 N3 S'

S' N3 P M1 G3 R1 G3 S

55 Surasindhu

S M1 G3 M1 P D1 N3 D1 S'

S' N3 D1 P M1 R1 G3 R1 S

56 Tarakagowla

S G3 M1 D1 N3 S'

S' N3 D1 M1 G3 S

57 Takka

S R1 S G3 M1 G3 P M1 D1 N3 S'

S' N3 D1 P M1 G3 R1 S

58 Ushavali

S R1 M1 P D1 S'

S' N3 D1 M1 P M1 R1 S

59 Visharada

S R1 M1 P N3 S'

S' N3 P M1 R1 S

Telugu film songs

Evaru Chesina Kharma Keelu Gurram 1949

E Nimushaniki Emi Jaruguno Lava Kusa 1963

Yamaho Nee Yama Yama Jagadeka Veerudu Athiloka Sundari 1990

Chamaku Chamaku Cham Kondaveeti Donga 1990

Nandikoda Vaagullona Geethanjali 1989

Abba Dani Soku Vamsanikokkadu 1996

Tamil film songs

Pannedum Naalaai Sakuntalai 1940

Azhagaana Ponnu Naan Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum 1956

Kalellam Maanika Kalaguma Aalayamani 1962

Solladi Abirami Aathi Parasakthi 1971

Anthapuratthil Oru Dheepam 1977

Ullukulla Chakaravarthy Panakkaran 1990

En Thaayenum Koi Aranmanai Kili 1993

Uyire Uyire Oruvar Vaazhum Aalayam 1988

Enna Senjalum Azhagar Malai 2009

Poongathavae Nizhalgal 1980

Madhura Marikolunthu Enga Ooru Pattukaran 1987

Mariyamma Karakattakkaran 1989

Kottukali Chinnavar 1992

Poove Eduthu Amman Kovil Kizhakale 1986

Anthi Varum Neram Mundhanai Mudichu 1983

Vaanam Idi Idikka Unna Nenachen Pattu Padichen 1992

Kadhal Maharani Kadhal Parisu 1987

Sivakami Ninaipilae Kilipetchu Ketkava 1993

Kuyila Pudichu Chinna Thambi 1991

Raama Naamam Sri Raghavendrar 1985

Aaradi Chuvaru Thaan Idhu Namma Bhoomi 1992

Kottaiya Vittu Chinna Thayee 1992

Masaru Ponnae Varuga Thevar Magan 1992

Allah Un Anaipadi Chandralekha 1995

Nandri Sollave unaku Udan Pirappu 1993

Kadhal Kavithaigal Gopura Vasalile 1991

Mookuthi Poo Melae Mouna Geethangal 1981

Sollayo Solaikilli Alli Arjuna 2002

Kadhal Kavithai Paada Ganam Courtar Avargale 1988

Vizhigalil Kodi Abinayam Kan Simittum Neram 1988

Unakena Unakena Vinnukum Mannukum 2001

En Anbae En Anbae Mounam Pesiyadhe 2002

Manasu Rendum Kaadhal Kondein 2003

Thaai Thindra Mannae Aayirathil Oruvan 2010

Malayalam film songs

Raajamathangi Parvathy Bharatham 1991

Pavanarachezhuthunna Vietnam Colony 1992

Oru Chiri Kandal Ponmudipuzhayorathu 2005

Agaathamam Aazhi Vithumbi Jalachhayam 2010

All the basic swara exercises (Sarali, Janta, Daattu, etc.) are set to the Mayamalavagowla raga. These are learnt by beginners in Carnatic music. It is commonly used in the basics, credited to Purandara Dasa's work in his time, when he did much work towards standardizing the teaching of Carnatic music into a fully graded system. Lambodara lakumikara by Purandaradasa is generally used for this raga. The first mini-songs (geetam) that are taught after the completion of basic exercises are set to Malahari, a janya of Mayamalavagowla. Muthuswami Dikshitar's famous gou?anta kritis (eight compositions with their raga names ending as gowla), on Goddess Nilothpalamba has mayama?avagou?a for one of them.

Some of the popular compositions in Mayamalavagowla are Deva Deva composed by Swathi Thirunal and Adikkondar by Muthu Thandavar. A list of popular compositions in Mayamalalavagowla is as follows.

Varnan- sri rajarajesvari

tulasi danamulace santonamuga - Tyagaraja in Telugu

Meru-samana-dhira - Tyagaraja in Telugu

Devi Sri tulasamma - Tyagaraja in Telugu

Vidulaku Mrokkeda - Tyagaraja in Telugu

Deva Deva Kalayami - Swathi Thirunal

Kailasa nilaya dayasagara - Mahesh Mahadev in Sanskrit

Mayatita Svarupini - Ponnaiyya Pillai (Direct Disciple of Muthuswami Dikshitar) in Sanskrit

Srinathadi Guruguho jayati - Muthuswami Dikshitar (The very first composition of Muthuswami Dikshitar) in Sanskrit

Syamalambike pahi man - Dr. M. Balamuralikrishna

adityan devadi-devan akhilanna-nathan asraye - Muthiah Bhagavatar

Dina-mani-va?sa dina-janavana - Muthiah Bhagavatar

Hara mntyunjaya ambika-nayaka hari kamalasana - Muthiah Bhagavatar

Popular Adithala Varnam- Sarasija-nabha - Swathi Thirunal

Amba yuvati jaganmate akhila-janani dayanidhe - Ashok R Madhav

Avadh sukhdayi baje badhayi ratan simhasan par - Swathi Thirunal

Bhaja re manasa vraja-balan - Swarajati - H Yoganarasimhan

Caranan saranan ayyappa - Ganapati Sacchidananda

Cintayami santatan - G Sampath

Cintaye'han janaki-kantan santatan cintitartha - Mysore Vasudevacharya

Dasaratha-nandana - Mysore Vasudevacharya

Deva-devesa - R K Suryanarayana

Deva-devottama - Govindacharya

Devi kamakni para-siva-dehartha - Ogirala Viraraghava Sharma

Durga lakami sarasvati - Lalita Venkataraman

Kamakaia kamalakaia - R K Padmanabha

Jaya jagadisha hare - from eulogy composed by Jayadeva

Krpakari shankari karunakari kapalishvari - Rukmini Ramani

Mantra svarupam - Bangalore S Mukund

Kshira jaladhi niketana - Pallavur Mani Iyer

Kshira sagara shayana raksha shara nivasini - Jayachamaraja wodeyar

Maya mohini maheshvari - Mangalam Ganapati

Kaladevathe Saraswathi - V. Dakshinamoorthy

This raga has also been very popularly used in film music. Numerous well recognized songs have been set in this raga. Ilayaraja has composed many hit songs in this raga.

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