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Indian stringed instrument- Sitar

   An Overview of Sitar

‘Sitar’ is most well known of the Indian instruments. It is along necked instrument with several strings usually 17. It has three to four playing strings and three to four drone strings. Tuning technique is somewhat similar to other Indian stringed instruments. A wire figure plectrum called ‘mizrab’ is used to pluck the strings. There are also a series of sympathetic strings lying under the frets.  These strings are almost never played but they vibrate whenever the corresponding note is sounded.  The frets are metal rods which have been bent into crescents.  The main resonator is usually made of a gourd and there is sometimes an additional resonator attached to the neck. It is played in north Indian music, film music and western fusion music and not commonly found in south Indian performances and folk music.

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   History

The development of the sitar, in general terms, is really no mystery.  However, it is surprising that there have arisen theories and stories that show a total disregard for historical accuracy.
But the earliest origins of these instruments are irrelevant. The sitar as we think of it today developed in the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent at the end of the Mogul era.  It is also said that it evolved from the Persian lutes that had been played in the Mogul courts for hundreds of years. The "Sangeet Sudarshana" states that the sitar was invented in the 18th century by a fakir named Amir Khusru, he was the 15th descendent of Naubat Khan, the son-in-law of Tansen.  It is said that he developed this instrument from the Persian sehtar.
The job of continuing the sitar tradition fell to Amir Khusru's grandson, Masit Khan.  He was one of the most influential musicians in the development of this instrument.  He composed numerous slow gats in the dhrupad style of the day.  This style, even today, is referred to as Masitkhani Gat.  The Masitkhani gats were further popularized by his son, Bahadur Khan.  Masit Khan was a resident of Delhi, therefore masitkhani Gats are sometimes referred to as Dilli Ka Baaj.
Another important person in the development of sitar music was Raza Khan.  Raza Khan was also a descendent of Tansen and lived in Lucknow around 1800-1850.  Raza Khan was also known as Ghulam Raza.  He developed the fast gat known as Razakani gat.
Amrit Sen and Rahim Sen were two very important personalities.  They modified the tuning and stringing of the instrument and introduced numerous new techniques to the instrument.

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Meetkalakar is an Indian product and services company based in Mumbai. Its interests are focussed on the field of performing arts. The various products and services of Meetkalakar mainly benefit performing artists and art lovers.

Meetkalakar was founded in 2009 by Rajashree Rajadhyax and Richa Rajadhyax, with the primary aim of allowing people to browse through profiles of performing artists on the internet. Over years, many new products and services were added. Meetkalakar now has about 2500 eminent artists from the field of music, dance, drama, folk and many other genres as its members.

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